Publications

Dr. Frick’s edited book on estrogens and memory now available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, or the Oxford University Press website!

For articles, see below or search PubMed

  • Schwabe, M.R., Lincoln, C.M., Ivers, M.M., and Frick, K.M. (2021). Chemogenetic inactivation of the nucleus reuniens impairs object placement memory in female mice. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 185, 107521. PDF
  • Patel, S.A, Frick, K.M., Newhouse, P.A., and Astur, R.S. (2021). Estradiol effects on spatial memory in women. Behavioural Brain Research, 417, 113592. PDF
  • Pillerová, M., Borbélyová, V., Hodosy, J., Riljak, V., Renczés, E., Frick, K.M., Tóthová, L. (2021). On the role of sex steroids in biological functions by classical and non-classical pathways. An update. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 62, 100926. PDF
  • Fleischer, A.W., Schalk, J.C. Wetzel, E., Sem, D.S., Donaldson, W.A., and Frick, K.M. (2021). Long-term oral administration of the novel estrogen receptor beta agonist EGX385 enhances memory consolidation and alleviates drug-induced hot flashes in ovariectomized mice. Hormones and Behavior, 130, 104948. PDF
  • Gross, K.S., Alf, R.L., Polzin, T.R., and Frick, K.M. (2021) 17β-estradiol activation of dorsal hippocampal TrkB is independent of increased mature BDNF expression and is required for enhanced memory consolidation in female mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 125, 105110. PDF
  • Taxier, L.R., Gross, K.S., and Frick, K.M. (2020). Oestradiol as a neuromodulator of learning and memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 21, 535-550. PDF
  • Schwabe, M.R., Taxier, L.R., and Frick, K.M. (2020). It takes a neural village: Circuit-based approaches for estrogenic regulation of episodic memory. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 59, 100860. PDF
  • Kim, J., Schalk, J.C., Koss, W.A., Gremminger, R.L., Taxier, L.R., Gross, K.S., Frick, K.M. (2019). Dorsal hippocampal actin polymerization is necessary for activation of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) to increase CA1 dendritic spine density and enhance memory consolidation. Journal of Neuroscience, 39(48), 9598-9610. PDF
  • Taxier, L.R., Philippi, S.M., Fortress, A.M., Frick, K.M. (2019). Dickkopf-1 blocks 17β-estradiol-enhanced object memory consolidation in ovariectomized female mice. Hormones and Behavior, 114, 104545. PDF
  • Yousuf, H., Smies, C.W., Hafenbreidel, M., Tuscher, J.J., Frick, K.M., Mueller, D. (2019). Infralimbic estradiol enhances neuronal excitability and facilitates extinction of cocaine seeking in female rats via a BDNF/TrkB mechanism. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, 168. PDF
  • Tuscher, J.J., Taxier, L.R., Schalk, J.C., Haertel, J.M., Frick, K.M. (2019) Chemogenetic suppression of medial prefrontal-dorsal hippocampal interactions prevents estrogenic enhancement of memory in female mice.  eNeuro, March/April; 6(2) e0451-18.2019 1-12. PDF
  • Koss, W.A., Frick, K.M. (2019) Activation of androgen receptors protects intact male mice from memory impairments caused by aromatase inhibition.  Hormones and Behavior, 111, 96-104. PDF
  • Tuscher, J.J., Fortress, A.M., Frick, K.M.  (2019). Memory and epigenetics: Role of estrogens.  In: Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, 2ndEdition, Vol. 2, Huhtaniemi, I and Martini, L. (Eds).  New York: Elsevier.  pp. 42-51. PDF
  • Tuscher, J.J., Taxier, L.R., Fortress, A.M., Frick, K.M. (2018). Chemogenetic inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, individually and concurrently, impairs object recognition and spatial memory consolidation in female mice.  Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 156, 103-116. PDF
  • Koss, W.A., Haertel, J.M., Philippi, S.M., Frick, K.M. (2018). Sex differences in the rapid cell signaling mechanisms underlying the memory-enhancing effects of 17b-estradiol. eNeuro, September/October 2018, 5(5) e0267-18.2018 1–14; https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0267-18.2018.
  • Hanson, A.M., Perera, K.L.I., Kim, J., Pandey, R.K.,Sweeney, N., Lu, X., Imhoff, A., Mackinnon, A.C., Wargolet, A., Van Hart, R., Frick, K.M., Donaldson, W.A., and Sem, D.S. (2018). A-C estrogens as potent and selective estrogen receptor-beta agonists (SERBAs) to enhance memory consolidation under low-estrogen conditions. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 61(11), 4720-4738. PDF
  • Frick, K.M. and Kim, J.  (2018). Mechanisms underlying the rapid effects of estradiol and progesterone on hippocampal memory consolidation in female rodents.  Hormones and Behavior, 104, 100-110. PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Kim, J., Koss, W.A.  (2018). Estradiol and hippocampal memory in males and females.  Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 23, 65-74. PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Tuscher, J.J., Koss, W.A., Kim, J., and Taxier, L.R.  (2018). Estrogenic regulation of memory consolidation:  A look beyond the hippocampus, ovaries, and females.  Physiology and Behavior, 187, 57-66. PDF
  • Sheppard, P., Koss, W.A., Frick, K.M., and Choleris, E. (2018). Rapid actions of estrogens and their receptors on memory acquisition and consolidation in females.  Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 30:e12485. PDF
  • Choleris, E., Galea, L.A.M., Sohrabji, F. and Frick, K.M.  (2018). Sex differences in the brain: Implications for behavioral and biomedical research.  Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 85, 126-145. PDF
  • Doncheck, E.M., Urbanik, L.A., DeBaker, M.C., Barron L.M., Liddiard, G.T., Tuscher, J.J., Frick, K.M., Hillard, C.J., Mantsch, J.R.  (2018).  Estrogen potentiates the reinstatement of cocaine seeking in females: role of the prelimbic prefrontal cortex and cannabinoid type-1 receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology, 43(4), 781-790. PDF
  • Kim, J. and Frick, K.M.  (2017).  Distinct effects of estrogen receptor inhibition on object recognition and spatial memory consolidation in ovariectomized mice.  Psychoneuroendocrinology, 84, 110-114. PDF
  • Koss, W.A. and Frick, K.M.  (2017).  Sex differences in hippocampal function.  Journal of Neuroscience Research, 95(1-2), 539-562. PDF
  • Galea, L.A.M., Frick, K.M., Hampson, E., Sohrabji, F., Choleris, E.  (2017).  Why estrogens matter for behavior and brain health.  Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 76, 363-379. PDF
  • Kim, J., Szinte, J.S., Boulware, M.I., and Frick, K.M.  (2016). 17β-estradiol and agonism of G-protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) enhance hippocampal memory consolidation via different cell-signaling mechanisms.  Journal of Neuroscience, 36(11), 3309-3321.  PDF
  • Tuscher, J.J., Luine, V.N., Frankfurt, M., and Frick, K.M.  (2016).  Estradiol-mediated spine changes in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of ovariectomized female mice depend on ERK and mTOR activation in the dorsal hippocampus.  Journal of Neuroscience, 36(5), 1483-1489. PDF
  • Tuscher, J.J., Szinte J.S., Starrett, J.R., Krentzel, A.A., Fortress, A.M., Remage-Healey, L., and Frick, K.M.  (2016). Inhibition of local estrogen synthesis in the hippocampus impairs memory consolidation in ovariectomized female mice.  Hormones and Behavior, 83, 60-67. PDF
  • Fortress, A.M. and Frick, K.M.  (2016).  Hippocampal Wnt signaling: Memory regulation and hormone interactions.  The Neuroscientist, 22(3), 278-294. PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Kim, J., Tuscher, J.J., and Fortress, A.M.  (2015).  Sex steroid hormones matter for learning and memory: estrogenic regulation of hippocampal function in male and female rodents.  Learning and Memory, 22(9), 472-493. PDF
  • Frick, K.M.  Molecular mechanisms underlying the memory-enhancing effects of estradiol.  (2015).  Hormones and Behavior, 74, 4-18. PDF
  • Fortress, A.M., Heisler, J.D., and Frick, K.M. (2015). The mTOR and canonical Wnt signaling pathways mediate the mnemonic effects of progesterone in the dorsal hippocampus. Hippocampus, 25(5), 616-629. PDF
  • Benoit, J.D., Rakic, P., and Frick, K.M. (2015). Prenatal stress induces spatial memory deficits and epigenetic changes in the hippocampus indicative of heterochromatin formation and reduced gene expression. Behavioural Brain Research, 281, 1-8. PDF
  • Tuscher, J.J., Kim, J., Fortress, A.M., and Frick, K.M. (2015). Hormonal regulation of object recognition. Behavioural Brain Research, 285, 140-157. PDF
  • Frick, K.M. (2015). What’s your name again? Effects of estrogens, cognitive stimulation, and exercise on age-related memory loss. F&M Scientist, Winter 2015, 27-53.
  • Fortress, A.M., Kim, J., Poole, R.L., Gould, T.J., and Frick, K.M. (2014). Estradiol-induced epigenetic changes and memory consolidation in middle-aged mice. Learning and Memory, 21(9),457-467. PDF
  • Fortress, A.M. and Frick, K.M. (2014). Epigenetic regulation of estrogen-dependent memory. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35(4), 530-549. PDF
  • Boulware, M.I., Heisler, J.D., and Frick, K.M. (2013). The memory-enhancing effects of hippocampal estrogen receptor activation involve metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(38), 15184-15194. PDF
  • Fortress, A.M., Schram, S.L., Tuscher, J.J., and Frick, K.M. (2013). Canonical Wnt signaling is necessary for object recognition memory consolidation. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(31), 12619-12626. PDF
  • Fortress, A.M., Fan, L., Orr, P.T., Zhao, Z., and Frick, K.M. (2013). Estradiol-induced object memory consolidation involves dorsal hippocampal mTOR activation. Learning and Memory, 20(3), 147-155. PDF
  • Frick, K.M. (2013). Epigenetics, oestradiol, and hippocampal memory consolidation. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 25, 1151-1162. PDF
  • Twining R.C., Tuscher, J.J., Doncheck, E.M., Frick, K.M., and Mueller, D. (2013). 17-estradiol enhances expression and extinction of cocaine seeking in female rats. Learning and Memory, 20(6), 300-306. PDF
  • Zhao, Z., Fan, L., Fortress, A.M., Boulware, M.I., and Frick, K.M.  (2012).  Hippocampal histone acetylation regulates object recognition and the estradiol-induced enhancement of object recognition.  Journal of Neuroscience, 32(7), 2344-2351.  PDF
  • Orr, P.T., Rubin, A.J., Fan, L. Kent, B.A., and Frick, K.M. (2012). The progesterone-induced enhancement of object recognition memory consolidation involves activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in the dorsal hippocampus. Hormones and Behavior, 61(4), 485-497. PDF
  • Boulware, M.I., Kent, B.A., and Frick, K.M. (in press). The impact of age-related ovarian hormone loss on cognitive and neural function. In: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences: Behavioral Neurobiology of Aging, Pardon, M.-C. and Bondi, M. (Eds). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. PDF
  • Frick, K.M. (2012). Building a better hormone therapy?: How understanding the rapid effects of sex steroid hormones could lead to novel therapeutics for age-related memory decline. Behavioral Neuroscience, 126(1), 29-53. PDF
  • Frick, K.M. (2012). Introduction to the special section on “Hormones and cognition: Perspectives, controversies, and challenges for future research”. Behavioral Neuroscience, 126(1), 1-3. PDF
  • Frick, K.M. and Korol, D.L. (2011). Introduction to the special issue of Neurobiology of Learning and Memory on memory impairment and disease. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 96(4), 505-506. PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Zhao, Z., and Fan, L. (2011). The epigenetics of estrogen: Epigenetic regulation of hormone-induced memory enhancement. Epigenetics, 6(6), 675-680. PDF
  • Zhao, Z., Fan, L., and Frick, K.M.  (2010).  Epigenetic alterations regulate estradiol-induced enhancement of memory consolidation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 107(12), 5605-5610.  PDF
  • Fan, L., Orr, P.T., Zhao, Z., Chambers, C.H., Lewis, M.C., and Frick, K.M.  (2010).  Estradiol-induced object memory consolidation in middle-aged female mice requires dorsal hippocampal ERK and PI3K activation.  Journal of Neuroscience, 30(12), 4390-4400.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M. and Benoit, J.D.  (2010).  Use it or lose it:  Environmental enrichment as a means to promote successful cognitive aging.  TheScientificWorldJournal, 10, 1129-1141.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Fernandez, S.M., and Harburger, L.L.  (2010).  A new approach to understanding the molecular mechanisms through which estrogens affect cognition.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1800, 1045-1055.  PDF
  • Orr, P.T., Lewis, M.C., and Frick, K.M.  (2009).  Dorsal hippocampal progesterone infusions enhance object recognition in young female mice.  Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 93(2), 177-182.  PDF
  • Harburger, L.L. Saadi, A. and Frick, K.M.  (2009).  Dose-dependent effects of post-training estradiol plus progesterone treatment on object memory consolidation and hippocampal ERK activation in young ovariectomized mice.  Neuroscience, 160(1), 6-12.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M.  (2009).  Estrogens and age-related memory decline in rodents:  What have we learned and where do we go from here? Hormones and Behavior, 55(1), 2-23.  PDF
  • Pechenino, A.S. and Frick, K.M.  (2009).  Effects of acute 17beta-estradiol treatment on gene expression in the young female mouse hippocampus.  Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 91, 315-322.  PDF
  • Gresack, J.E., Schafe, G.E., Orr, P.T., and Frick, K.M.  (2009).  Sex differences in contextual fear conditioning are associated with differential ventral hippocampal ERK activation. Neuroscience, 159, 451-467.  PDF
  • Fernandez, S.M., Lewis, M.C., Pechenino, A.S., Harburger, L.L., Orr, P.T., Gresack, J.E., Schafe, G.E., and Frick, K.M.  (2008).  Estradiol-induced enhancement of object memory consolidation involves hippocampal ER activation and membrane-bound estrogen receptors.  Journal of Neuroscience, 28(35), 8660-8667.  PDF
  • Harburger, L.L., Pechenino, A.S., Saadi, A., and Frick, K.M.  (2008).  Post-training progesterone dose-dependently enhances object, but not spatial, memory consolidation.  Behavioural Brain Research, 194, 174-180.  PDF
  • Lewis, M.C., Orr, P.T., and Frick, K.M.  (2008).  Differential effects of acute progesterone administration on spatial and object memory in middle-aged and aged female C57BL/6 mice.  Hormones and Behavior, 54(3), 455-462.  PDF
  • Lewis, M.C., Kerr, K.M., Orr, P.T., and Frick, K.M.  (2008).  Estradiol-induced enhancement of object memory consolidation is dependent on NMDA receptors and protein kinase A in the dorsal hippocampus of female C57BL/6 mice.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 122(3), 716-721.  PDF
  • Bergery-Sweeney, J., Schaevitz, L.R., and Frick, K.M.  (2008).  Neurochemical systems involved in learning and memory.  In: Neurobiology of Mental Illness, 3rd edition.  Charney, D.S., Nestler, E.J., and Bunney, B.S. (Eds.).  New York:  Oxford University Press.  pp. 927-935.
  • Harburger, L.L., Nzerem, C.K., and Frick, K.M.  (2007).  Single enrichment variables differentially reduce age-related memory decline in female mice.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 121(4), 679-699.  PDF
  • Harburger, L.L., Lambert, T.J., and Frick, K.M.  (2007).  Age-dependent effects of environmental enrichment on spatial memory in male mice.  Behavioural Brain Research, 185(1), 43-48.  PDF
  • Gresack, J.E., Kerr, K.M., and Frick, K.M.  (2007b).  Life-long environmental enrichment differentially influences the mnemonic response to estrogen in young, middle-aged, and aged female mice.  Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 88(4), 393-408. PDF
  • Gresack, J.E., Kerr, K.M., and Frick, K.M.  (2007a).  Short-term environmental enrichment decreases the mnemonic response to estrogen in young, but not aged female mice.  Brain Research, 1160, 91-101.  PDF
  • Harburger, L.L., Bennett, J.C., and Frick, K.M.  (2007).  Effects of estrogen and progesterone on spatial memory consolidation in aged females.  Neurobiology of Aging, 28(4), 602-610.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M.  (2007).  The Neuroscience of Survivor:  Why the “Sole Survivor” Might Have the Most Resilient Brain.  The Psychology of Survivor.  Dallas, TX:  BenBella Books.  pp. 33-46.
  • Gresack, J.E. and Frick, K.M.  (2006b).  Effects of continuous and intermittent estrogen treatments on memory in aging female mice. Brain Research, 1115(1), 135-147.  PDF
  • Gresack, J.E. and Frick, K.M.  (2006a).  Post-training estrogen enhances spatial and object memory consolidation in female mice. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 84(1), 112-119.  PDF
  • Bennett, J.C., McRae, P., Levy, L.J., and Frick, K.M.  (2006).  Long-term continuous, but not daily enrichment reduces spatial memory decline in aged male mice.  Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 85(2), 139-152.  PDF
  • Frick K.M.  (2006).  Estrogen.  In:  The Encyclopedia of Human Development, Vol. 1.  Salkind, N. (Ed).  Thousand Oaks, CA:  Sage Publications.  pp. 473-474.
  • Levy, L.J., Astur, R.S., and Frick, K.M.  (2005).  Men and women differ in object memory, but not performance of a virtual radial maze.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 119(4), 853-862.  PDF
  • Lambert, T.J., Fernandez, S.M., and Frick, K.M.  (2005).  Different types of environmental enrichment have discrepant effects on spatial memory and synaptophysin levels in female mice. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 83(3), 206-216.  PDF
  • Gresack, J.E. and Frick, K.M.  (2004).  Environmental factors influence the mnemonic and neural response to estrogen. Neuroscience, 128(3), 459-471.  PDF
  • Fernandez, S.M. and Frick, K.M.  (2004).  Oral estrogen affects memory and neurobiology in middle-aged female mice.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 118(6), 1340-1351.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Fernandez, S.M., Bennett, J.C., Prange-Kiel, J., MacLusky, N.J., and Leranth, C.  (2004).  Behavioral training interferes with the ability of gonadal hormones to increase CA1 spine synapse density in ovariectomized female rats.  European Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 3026-3032.  PDF
  • Leranth, C., Prange-Kiel, J., Frick, K.M., and Horvath, T.L.  (2004).  Low CA1 spine synapse density is further reduced by castration in male non-human primates.  Cerebral Cortex, 14, 503-510.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Kim, J.J., and Baxter, M.G.  (2004).  Effects of complete cholinergic basal forebrain removal of fear conditioning and spatial learning.  Hippocampus, 14, 244-254.  PDF
  • Bergery-Sweeney, J., Caliguri, E.J., and Frick, K.M.  (2004).  Neurochemical systems involved in learning and memory.  In: Neurobiology of Mental Illness, 2nd edition.  Charney, D.S., Nestler, E.J., and Bunney, B.S. (Eds.).  New York:  Oxford University Press.  pp. 813-820.
  • Frick, K.M. and Gresack, J.E.  (2003).  Sex differences in the behavioral response to spatial and object novelty in adult C57BL/6 mice.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 117(6), 1283-1291.  PDF
  • Gresack, J.E. and Frick, K.M.  (2003).  Male mice exhibit better spatial working and reference memory than females in a water-escape radial arm task. Brain Research, 982, 98-107.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Stearns, N.A., Pan, J.-Y., and Berger-Sweeney, J.  (2003).  Effects of environmental enrichment on spatial memory and neurochemistry in middle-aged mice.  Learning and Memory, 10, 187-198.   PDF
  • Frick, K.M. and Fernandez, S.M.  (2003).  Enrichment enhances spatial memory and synaptic plasticity in aged female mice. Neurobiology of Aging, 24, 615-626.   PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Fernandez, S.M., and Bulinski, S.C.  (2002).  Estrogen replacement improves spatial reference memory and increases hippocampal synaptophysin in aged female mice.  Neuroscience, 115(2), 547-558.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Burlingame, L.A., Delaney, S.S., and Berger-Sweeney, J.  (2002).  Sex differences in neurochemical markers that correlate with aging in mice.  Neurobiology of Aging, 23, 145-158.   PDF
  • Frick, K.M., and Berger-Sweeney, J.  (2001).  Spatial memory and neocortical neurochemistry vary with the estrous cycle in C57BL/6 mice.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 115(1), 229-237.  PDF
  • Berger-Sweeney, J., Stearns, N.A, Frick, K.M., Beard, B., and Baxter, M.G.  (2000).  The cholinergic basal forebrain is critical for social transmission of food preferences.  Hippocampus, 10, 729-738. PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Stillner, E.T., and Berger-Sweeney, J.  (2000).  Mice are not little rats:  Species differences in a one-day water maze task.  NeuroReport, 11(16), 3461-3465.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Burlingame, L.A., Arters, J.A., and Berger-Sweeney, J.  (2000).  Reference memory, anxiety, and estrous cyclicity in C57BL/6NIA mice and affected by age and sex.  Neuroscience, 95(1), 293-307.  PDF
  • Ricceri, L., Usiello, A., Valanzano, A., Calamandrei, G., Frick, K., and Berger-Sweeney, J. (1999).  Neonatal 192 IgG-saporin lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons selectively impair response to spatial novelty in adult rats.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 113(6), 1204-1215.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M. and Bergery-Sweeney, J.  (1999).  Neurochemical systems involved in learning and memory.  In:  Neurobiology of Mental Illness.  Charney, D.S., Nestler, E.J., and Bunney, B.S. (Eds.).  New York:  Oxford University Press.  pp. 685-692.
  • Baxter, M.G., Frick, K.M., Price, D.L., Breckler, S.J., Markowska, A.L., and Gorman, L.K.  (1999).  Presynaptic markers of cholinergic function in the rat brain:  Relationship with age and cognitive status.  Neuroscience, 89(3), 771-780.  PDF
  • Price, D.L., Markowska, A.L., Koliatsos, V.E., Frick, K.M., Borchelt, D.R., Martin, L.J., Kawas, C.H., and Sisodia, S.S.  (1999).  Alzheimer’s disease and animal models.  In:  Neurobiology of Mental Illness.  Charney, D.S., Nestler, E.J., and Bunney, B.S. (Eds.).  New York:  Oxford University Press.  pp. 659-668.
  • Frick, K.M., Price, D.L., Koliatsos, V.E., and Markowska, A.L.  (1997).  The effects of nerve growth factor on spatial recent memory in aged rats persist after discontinuation of treatment. Journal of Neuroscience, 17(7), 2543-2550.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Gorman, L.K., and Markowska, A.L.  (1996).  Oxotremorine infusions into the medial septal area of middle-aged rats affect spatial reference memory and ChAT activity. Behavioural Brain Research, 80, 99-109.  PDF
  • Frick, K.M., Baxter, M.G., Markowska, A.L., Olton, D.S., and Price, D.L.  (1995).  Age-related spatial reference and working memory deficits assessed in the water maze.  Neurobiology of Aging, 16(2), 149-160.  PDF
  • Baxter, M.G., Rohrbach, K.W., Tam, S.W., Zaczek, R., Frick, K.M., Golski, S., Wan, R.Q., and Olton, D.S.  (1994)  Effects of linopirdine (DuP 996) and X9121 on age-related memory impairments and on the cholinergic system.  Drug Development Research, 31, 186-196.  PDF
  • Baxter, M.G., Lanthorn, T.H., Frick, K.M., Golski, S., Wan, R.Q., and Olton, D.S.  (1994)  D-Cycloserine, a novel cognitive enhancer, improves spatial memory in aged rats. Neurobiology of Aging, 15(2), 207-213.  PDF
  • Gorman, L.K., Pang, K., Frick, K.M., Givens, B., and Olton, D.S. (1994)  Acetylcholine release in the hippocampus: effects of cholinergic and GABAergic compounds in the medial septal area. Neuroscience Letters, 166, 199-202.  PDF