Title: Hope in Patients with Critical Illness: A Concept Analysis
Name: Raghad Tawalbeh
Primary Presenters: Raghad Tawalbeh and Jeanne Erickson
College of Nursing
Research Doctorate (PhD)
Faculty Sponsor(s): Jeanne Erickson

Hope in patients with critical illness: A concept analysis
R. Tawalbeh and J. Erickson
Abstract
Background: Hope is a dynamic human process explored in many different patient populations. Individuals with hope have better coping skills, improved health, and better quality of life. Nurses can foster hope in patients to promote positive outcomes. A better understanding about hope in patients who are critically ill is needed so that nurses can provide support without encouraging false or unrealistic hope.
Purpose: To develop insight about the concept of hope in critically ill patients through concept analysis
Methodology: Rodgers’ evolutionary approach was used to analyze this concept. Five electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published in 2016-2021, English language, and primary research studies, that informed an understanding of hope self-reported by patients with an intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Eight publications that explored hope in patients in ICU settings were reviewed for this analysis.
Results: Hope in patients with critical illness is similar to hope in other patient populations, defined as a dynamic longing for positive outcomes in the future. However, critically ill patients viewed the future as short-term and longed for basic goals, such as survival or the return of any sense or feeling of normalcy. Antecedents to hope in critically ill patients included a caring environment, supportive family and providers, and feelings of safety, security, and involvement. Consequences of hope included inner strength, improved physical and psychological recovery, and feelings of satisfaction and gratefulness. Several instruments are available to measure hope but lack validity for use in critically ill patients.

Conclusions and Implications: This concept analysis suggests how nurses can support realistic hope in critically ill patients. Further qualitative inquiry would provide insight into the development of tailored measurement of hope and interventions for this patient population.

Key words: Hope, ICU, critical care, critical illness, patients self- report, and nursing.