Citations in running text serve to inform the reader about the source of your information. The two general ways that citations are used in a paper are outlined below. [Brackets set apart comments.]

• Adams (1938) summarized Aristotle’s views of stones within a natural history framework. [Useful style to introduce a paragraph that summarizes the information from Adams’ book.]
• Aristotelian and Neoplatonist views influenced Renaissance ideas on the generation of stones (Adams, 1938; Rudwick, 1985). [Common usage in scientific literature that allows citation without breaking up sentences.]

Cited references are presented at the end of the paper in alphabetical order. Books and articles are listed slightly differently. Here are some examples using one format:

• Adams, F. D., 1938, The Birth and Development of the Geological Sciences. Dover, 506 p. [Book.]
• Beer, B. de, 1962, The Volcanoes of Auvergne. Annals of Science, v. 18, p. 49-61. [Article in a journal.]
• Dott, R. H., Jr., 1967, James Hutton and the Concept of a Dynamic Earth. In Schneer, C. J., ed., Toward a History of Geology: Cambridge, M.I.T. Press, p. 122-141. [Article in an edited book.]
• Kircher, A., 1678, The Subterranean World. In Mather, K. F., and Mason, S. L., eds., A Source Book in Geology: New York, McGraw Hill, p 17-19. [Article in an edited book.]
• Rudwick, M. J. S., 1963, The foundation of the Geological Society of London: its scheme for co-operative research and its struggle for independence. British Journal for the History of Science, v. 1, p. 325-355. [Article in a journal.]
• Rudwick, M. J. S., 1985, The Meaning of Fossils, second edition. Chicago, Chicago University Press, 287 p. [Book – note that if you use multiple references by one author, you place them in chronological order.]

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