1. Complex information presentation
1.1. Complex information presentation: excessive information or features
Definition: A DL presents too much information at once.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- COM2/NAV1. Difficulty understanding/navigating the search filtering structure
- Difficulty understanding a digital library structure
1.2. Complex information presentation: illogical order of focus
Definition: A DL does not present information in a logical order for screen readers.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty accessing expandable/collapsed content
- Difficulty interacting with multi-layered windows
1.3. Complex information presentation: inadequate semantics
Definition: A DL does not present meaningful information to a screen reader in understanding the DL or its contents.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty distinguishing collection titles from the thumbnails
1.4. Complex information presentation: illogical structure
Definition: A DL does not present page elements in a rational way within or across DL page(s).
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty finding/locating an icon-based search feature
- FIL2/RED3. Difficulty finding/locating search features of different levels
- Difficulty understanding a digital library structure
- Difficulty navigating to a search result section
1.5. Complex information presentation: illogical organization of information
Definition: A DL does not present information topics in a rational way.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty navigating within an item
- FIL3/HEP1. Difficulty finding/locating/using mobile-specific help information
1.6. Complex information presentation: insufficient heading or navigation aids
Definition: A DL does not provide sufficient navigational support to enable easy navigation.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty navigating through search results
- Difficulty navigating to a search result section
1.7. Complex information presentation: mismatched with users’ cognitive schema
Definition: A DL’s information presentation does not align with users’ expectations regarding the organization and processing of information.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- FIL2/RED3. Difficulty finding/locating/distinguishing search features at different levels
1.8. Complex information presentation: multiple layers (or steps) to relevant DL items
Definition: A DL requires multiple clicks to access an item, such as a transcript of a visual resource.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty directly accessing files
- Difficulty accessing collection items
1.9. Complex information presentation: unclear structure
Definition: A DL does not present page elements in a clear and understandable within or across DL page(s).
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty navigating paginated sections
2. Inadequate feedback
2.1. Inadequate feedback: insufficient DL status
Definition: Existing notifications do not help the user track a change in the state of the DL including page loading status
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty recognizing the availability of search results
2.2. Inadequate feedback: insufficient dynamic applications/features/content
Definition: Existing notifications do not alert the user that a dynamic application, feature, or content is available, in the process of updating, or has been updated.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty recognizing the availability of search results
- Difficulty interacting with multi-layered windows
3. Inadequate feature/functions
3.1. Inadequate features/functions: complex interactions
Definition: Using existing features involves multiple or complicated steps.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty accessing a query suggestion
- Difficulty finding/locating an icon-based search feature
3.2. Inadequate features/functions: complex feature design
Definition: Existing design of features contain overly complex options and structure.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- COM2/NAV1. Difficulty understanding/navigating the search filtering structure
3.3. Inadequate features/functions: inconsistent mobile navigation features
Definition: Existing navigation mechanisms function differently across mobile and desktop platforms.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty navigating through search results
3.4. Inadequate features/functions: inconsistent or hidden exit/navigation options
Definition: Existing navigation features are not consistently visible to users.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty exiting an open item
3.5. Inadequate features/functions: insufficient navigation features
Definition: Features or information regarding the search path are either missing or insufficient.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty exiting an open item
- Difficulty navigating within an item
4. Inadequate help information
4.1. Inadequate help information: insufficient guidance for mobile scree readers’ image description options
Definition: Existing help resources do not provide guidance for options for accessing image content on mobile devices.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- ACC2/COM3. Difficulty accessing/comprehending images
- ACC3/COM4. Difficulty accessing/comprehending graphs
4.2. Inadequate help information: insufficient contextual help
Definition: Existing help resources do not assist users in identifying relevant help topics.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty finding/locating an icon-based search feature
- COM2/ NAV1. Difficulty understanding/navigating the search filtering structure
- FIL3/HEP1. Difficulty finding/locating/using mobile-specific help information
5. Inadequate support
5.1. Inadequate support: insufficient contextual cues
Definition: Content surrounding an inaccessible or incomprehensible item does not assist a user in understanding what this item entails.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty assessing relevance of a collection or an item
5.2. Inadequate support: cropped/cut-off description of a collection/item
Definition: Existing descriptions of collections or items are inadequately presented, as the information provided is either truncated or incomplete.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty assessing relevance of a collection or an item
5.3. Inadequate support: inaccessible document format
Definition: The format of a DL document (e.g., transcript of a visual item) cannot be recognized by screen reader software.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- ACC2/COM3. Difficulty accessing/comprehending images
5.4. Inadequate support: unclear navigation for previously visited pages
Definition: Lack of features to support BVI users returning to previously visited pages.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty exiting an open item
- Difficulty returning to a previous page
5.5. Inadequate support: unintuitive access point to collection items
Definition: Existing path to access collection items is unclear or difficult to recognize.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty accessing collection items
5.6. Inadequate support: ineffective semantic markup
Definition: Existing HTML tags do not convey adequate information for accessibility.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty directly accessing files
5.7. Inadequate support: insufficient visual item description
Definition: Existing visual items do not have appropriate alt text or supplementary description.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- ACC2/COM3. Difficulty accessing/comprehending images
5.8. Inadequate support: misleading links
Definition: Existing links do not lead to appropriate or intended location.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty accessing expandable/collapsed content
6. Inappropriate labeling
6.1. Inappropriate labeling: uninformative active element or feature labels
Definition: Existing label of an active element or a feature does not clarify its purpose/function or how to interact with it.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- FIL 1. Difficulty finding/locating an icon-based search feature
- NAV 2. Difficulty navigating paginated sections
6.2. Inappropriate labeling: unlabeled active elements or features
Definition: Active element or feature is not assigned a descriptive label.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- FIL2/RED3. Difficulty finding/locating/distinguishing search features of different levels
- Difficulty clearing a search box
7. Incompatibility
7.1. Incompatibility: incompatible with browsers and devices
Definition: The content of a DL page or document is organized/formatted in a way that is incompatible with specific browsers or devices.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty directly accessing files
7.2. Incompatibility: ineffective HTML for multi-layered page
Definition: The HTML code for multi-layered pages (e.g., pop-up windows) is not coded to adequately manage focus placement or restrictions for screen reader software.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty interacting with multi-layered windows
7.3. Incompatibility: incompatible with assistive technology
Definition: Existing DL features and designs are not compatible with assistive technology
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty using screen readers and voice commands
8. Lack of features/functions/items/information
8.1. Lack of features/functions/items/information: lack of shortcuts to the desired content
Definition: Existing features do not help users directly access an item of interest (e.g., transcript of a scanned document.)
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty navigating through search results
- Difficulty navigating within an item
8.2. Lack of features/functions/items/information: lack of descriptive information
Definition: Existing items or features do not include a meaningful label, supplementary instruction, or metadata description.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty directly accessing files
- ACC2/COM3. Difficulty accessing/comprehending images
- ACC3/COM4. Difficulty accessing/comprehending graphs
- Difficulty assessing relevance of a collection or an item
8.3. Lack of features/functions/items/information: unavailable features
Definition: Existing features do not provide adequate support for efficient use of DL.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations
-
- Difficulty clearing a search box
9. Unclear instruction
9.1. Unclear instruction: unintuitive DL features
Definition: A DL does not explain a specific feature and/or how to use it.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty recognizing authorized features
9.2. Unclear instruction: inefficient help feature
Definition: A DL does not explain how to locate and/or use needed help information.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty finding/locating an icon-based search feature
- FIL3/HEP1. Difficulty finding/locating/using mobile-specific help information
9.3. Unclear instruction: unclear structure of a DL
Definition: A DL does not explain what the overall structure is and/or how to use it.
Leading to the following Help-seeking situations:
-
- Difficulty understanding a digital library structure